READ THE LATEST PUBLICATION

Learn how measuring bite force can help your everyday practice and profitability! 

READ HERE
atlas2022 - minimalistic-mockup-of-an-a4-letterhead-next-to-a-pen-over-a-flat-backdrop.png

SCIENTIFIC READING SELECTION

The importance of bite force measurement in treatment planning.

Atlas AM, Behrooz E, Barzilay I. Can bite-force measurement play a role in dental treatment planning, clinical trials, and survival outcomes? A literature review and clinical recommendations. Quintessence 2022.

Voudouris JC, Voudouris JD, Nicolay O, et al. Clear aligners, dentofacial orthopedics, physics and supercorrection biomechanics. A meeting of the minds. Semin Orthod 2021; 1–57.

Behrooz E, Barzilay I, Atlas AM. Measuring Bite Force - Helping you decide what type of treatments to provide & which materials to use. Spectrum Dental Teamwork. 2021;14(8):1–5.

Fischer M. The Innobyte - An Innovative Way to Record Bite Force. Denturism-Denturologie Canada. 2022; Summer: 37-44.

ADDITIONAL READING SELECTION

  1. Alkan A, Keskiner I, Arici S, Sato S. The effect of periodontal surgery on bite force, occlusal contact area and bite pressure. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137(7):978-983. 

  2. Assif D, Gorfil C. Biomechanical considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;71(6):565-567.             

  3. Awawdeh L, Hemaidat K, Al-Omari W. Higher Maximal Occlusal Bite Force in Endodontically Treated Teeth Versus Vital Contralateral Counterparts. J Endod. 2017;43(6):871-875.         

  4. Bakke M, Holm B, Jensen BL, Michler L, Möller E. Unilateral, isometric bite force in 8‐68‐year‐old women and men related to occlusal factors. Eur J Oral Sci. 1990;98(2):149-158.      

  5. Bakke M, Michler L, Möller E. Occlusal control of mandibular elevator muscles. Eur J Oral Sci. 1992;100(5):284-291.   

  6. Bakke M. Bite Force and Occlusion. Semin Orthod. 2006;12(2):120-126.     

  7. Bakke M. Mandibular elevator muscles: physiology, action, and effect of dental occlusion. Eur J Oral Sci. 1993;101(5):314-331.      

  8. Turkistani KA, Alkayyal MA, Abbassy MA, et al. Comparison of occlusal bite force distribution in subjects with different occlusal characteristics. J Craniomandib Sleep Pract. 2020;7(2):65-70.              

  9. Boven GC, Raghoebar GM, Vissink A, Meijer HJA. Improving masticatory performance , bite force , nutritional state and patient’ s satisfaction with implant overdentures : a systematic review of the literature. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;42(3):220-233.      

  10. Braun S, Bantleon H-P, Hnat WP, Freudenthaler JW, Marcotte MR, Johnson BE. A study of Bite Force, part 1: Relationship to various physical characteristics. Angle Orthod. 1995;65(5):367-372.   

  11. Callister Jr WD, Rethwisch DG. An Introduction: Material Science and Engineering. 8th ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2009.

  12. Cerna M, Ferreira R, Zaror C, Navarro P, Sandoval P. Validity and reliability of the T-Scan â III for measuring force under laboratory conditions. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42(7):544-551.        

  13. Chang M, Chronopoulos V, Mattheos N. Impact of excessive occlusal load on successfully-osseointegrated dental implants : A literature review. J Investig Clin Dent. 2013;4(3):142-150.

  14. Chen H, Liu N, Xu X, Qu X, Lu E. Smoking, Radiotherapy, Diabetes and Osteoporosis as Risk Factors for Dental Implant Failure: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71955.      

  15. Choi S, Yoon HI, Park EJ. Load-bearing capacity of various CAD/CAM monolithic molar crowns under recommended occlusal thickness and reduced occlusal thickness conditions. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9(6):423-431.                 

  16. CLark GT, Beemsterboer PL, Jacobson R. The effect of sustained submaximal clenching on maximum bite force in myofascial pain dysfunction patients. J Oral Rehabil. 1984;11(4):387-391.     

  17. da Silva Martins MJ, Caramelo FJ, Ramalho da Fonseca JA, Gomes Nicolau PM. In vitro study on the sensibility and reproducibility of the new T-Scan ® III HD system. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dentária e Cir Maxilofac. 2014;55(1):14-22.        

  18. Davies S, Gray RMJ. What is occlusion? Br Dent J. 2001;191(5):235-245.     

  19. Dong WK, Chudler EH, Martin RF. Physiological properties of intradental mechanoreceptors. Brain Res. 1985;334(2):389-395.               

  20. Edmonds HM. The ontogeny of maximum bite force in humans. J Anat. 2020;237(3):529-542.    

  21. Esquivel-Upshaw JF, Mehler A, Clark AE, Neal D, Anusavice KJ. Fracture analysis of randomized implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. J Dent. 2014;42(10):1335-1342.               

  22. Fernandes CP, Glantz POJ, Svensson SA, Bergmark A. A novel sensor for bite force determinations. Dent Mater. 2003;19(2):118-126.               

  23. Flanagan D. Bite force and dental implant treatment: a short review. Med Devices. 2017;10:141-148.   

  24. Flanagan D. Diet and implant complications. J Oral Implantol. 2016;42(3):305-310.  

  25. Frost HM. From Wolff’s law to the Utah paradigm: Insights about bone physiology and its clinical applications. Anat Rec. 2001;262(4):398-419.        

  26. Fukuda H, Saito T, Mizuta M, et al. Chewing number is related to incremental increases in body weight from 20 years of age in Japanese middle-aged adults. Gerodontology. 2013;30(3):214-219.     

  27. García VG, Cartagena AG, Sequeros OG. Evaluation of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation using the T‐Scan system. J Oral Rehabil. 1997;24(12):899-903.                 

  28. Goiato MC, Haddad MF, Filho HG, et al. Dental Implant Fractures – Aetiology , Treatment and Case Report. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(3):300-304.           

  29. GROUP DC. DPBRN 5 : Reasons for replacement or repair of dental restorations Results: Overall and by Region. J Am Dent Assoc. Published online 2011.          

  30. Haraldson T, Karlsson U, Carlsson GE. Bite force and oral function in complete denture wearers. J Oral Rehabil. 1979;6(1):41-48.      

  31. Harvey WL, Osborne JW, Hatch RA. A preliminary test of the replicability of a computerized occlusal analysis system. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;67(5):697-700.     

  32. Hattori Y, Satoh C, Kunieda T, Endoh R, Hisamatsu H, Watanabe M. Bite forces and their resultants during forceful intercuspal clenching in humans. J Biomech. 2009;42(10):1533-1538.        

  33. Helkimo E, Carlsson GE, Helkimo M. Bite Force and State DentiTion. Acta Odont Scand. 1976;35(6):297-303.          

  34. Hirano S, Okuma K, Hayakawa I. In vitro study on accuracy and repeatability of the T-Scan II systems. J Stomatol Soc Japan. 2002;69(3):194-201.          

  35. Isidor F. Influence of forces on peri-implant bone. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006;17(SUPPL. 2):8-18.    

  36. Janovic A, Saveljic I, Vukicevic A, et al. Occlusal load distribution through the cortical and trabecular bone of the human mid-facial skeleton in natural dentition: A three-dimensional finite element study. Ann Anat. 2015;197:16-23.  

  37. Kate M, Palaskar S, Kapoor P. Implant failure: A dentist’s nightmare. J Dent Implant. 2016;6(2):51.  

  38. Khan SIR, Rao D, Ramachandran A, Ashok BV. Comparison of bite force on the dominant and nondominant sides of patients with habitual unilateral chewing: A pilot study. Gen Dent. 2020;68(2):60-63. 

  39. Kleinfelder JW, Ludwig K. Maximal Bite Force in Patients With and Without Splinting. J Periodontol. 2002;73(10):1184-1187.                 

  40. Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B, Yucel M. Effects of increasing the jaw opening on the maximum bite force and electromyographic activities of jaw muscles. J Dent Sci. 2012;7(1):14-19.   

  41. Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements: a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(2):223-232.         

  42. Koos B, Godt A, Schille C, Göz G. Precision of an instrumentation-based method of analyzing occlusion and its resulting distribution of forces in the dental arch. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71(6):403-410.

  43. Kube Innovation Inc. Discover the Innobyte.           

  44. Laurell L, Lundgren D. Periodontal ligament areas and occlusal forces in dentitions restored with cross- arch bilateral end abutment bridges. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12(10):850-860.     

  45. Lepley CR, Throckmorton GS, Ceen RF, Buschang PH. Relative contributions of occlusion, maximum bite force, and chewing cycle kinematics to masticatory performance. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011;139(5):606-613.            

  46. Lindquist LW, Carlsson GE, Jemt T. A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants: Clinical results and marginal bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996;7(4 2):329-336.       

  47. Loewenstein WR, Rathkamp R. A study on the pressoreceptive sensibility of the tooth. J Dent Res. 1955;34(2):287-294.                 

  48. Lundgren D, Laurell L. Occlusal forces in prosthetically restored dentitions: a methodological study. J Oral Rehabil. 1984;11(1):29-37.

  49. Marcé-Nogué J, Püschel TA, Kaiser TM. A biomechanical approach to understand the ecomorphological relationship between primate mandibles and diet. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1-12.     

  50. McDermott NE, Chuang DMDS, Woo DV V, Dodson TB. Complications of Dental Implants : Identification , Frequency , and Associated Risk Factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18(6). 

  51. Misch CE. Age-Related Tooth Loss. In: Text Book on Dental Implant Prosthetics. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2014:1-17.

  52. Mitchem JA, Katona TR, Moser EAS. Does the presence of an occlusal indicator product affect the contact forces between full dentitions? J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(10):791-799.       

  53. Moraschini V, Barboza E d. SP. Success of dental implants in smokers and non-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(2):205-215.         

  54. Morita M, Nishi K, Kimura T, et al. Correlation between periodontal status and biting ability in Chinese adult population. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30(3):260-264.    

  55. Moy PK, Medina D, Shetty V, Aghaloo TL. Dental implant failure rates and associated risk factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20(4):569-577.               

  56. Nishigawa K, Bando E, Nakano M. Quantitative study of bite force during sleep associated bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28(5):485-491.           

  57. Oh SL, Shiau HJ, Reynolds MA. Survival of dental implants at sites after implant failure: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;123(1):54-60.         

  58. Paphangkorakit J, Chaichit R, Khummool K, Nopphaisit S, Saengsai A. Effect of biting speed and jaw separation on force used to incise food. J Oral Rehabil. 2020;47(6):731-735.        

  59. Possebon AP da R, Schuster AJ, Bielemann AM, Porto BL, Boscato N, Faot F. Evaluation of Bite Force and Masticatory Performance : Complete Denture vs Mandibular Overdenture Users. Braz Dent J. 2020;31(4):399-403.       

  60. Preis V, Hahnel S, Behr M, Bein L, Rosentritt M. In-vitro fatigue and fracture testing of CAD/CAM-materials in implant-supported molar crowns. Dent Mater. 2017;33(4):427-433.     

  61. Prema A, Vimala G, Rao U, Shameer A, Gayathri. Occlusal bite force changes during fixed orthodontic treatment in patients with different vertical facial morphology. Saudi Dent J. 2019;31(3):355-359.  

  62. Pruims GJ, de Jongh HJ, Ten Bosch JJ. Forces Acting on the Mandible During Bilateral Static Bite At Different Bite Force Levels. J Biomech. 1978;13(9):755-763.                 

  63. Raphael KG, Janal MN, Sirois DA, Dubrovsky B. Masticatory muscle sleep background electromyographic activity is elevated in myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(12):883-891.      

  64. Röhrle O, Saini H, Ackland DC. Occlusal loading during biting from an experimental and simulation point of view. Dent Mater. 2017;34(1):58-68.               

  65. Roldan SI, Restrepo LG, Isaza JF, Ve LG. Are maximum bite forces of subjects 7 to 17 years of age related to malocclusion ? :9-14.  

  66. Schultheis S, Strub JR, Gerds TA, Guess PC. Monolithic and bi-layer CAD/CAM lithium-disilicate versus metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses: Comparison of fracture loads and failure modes after fatigue. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(5):1407-1413.     

  67. Serra CM, Manns AE. Bite force measurements with hard and soft bite surfaces. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(8):563-568.    

  68. Shahmoradi M, Wan B, Zhang Z, Wilson T, Swain M, Li Q. Monolithic crowns fracture analysis: The effect of material properties, cusp angle and crown thickness. Dent Mater. 2020;36(8):1038-1051.       

  69. Shinogaya T, Bakke M, Thomsen CE, Vilmann A, Sodeyama A, Matsumoto M. Effects of ethnicity , gender and age on clenching force and load distribution. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5(1):63-68.            

  70. Shinogaya T, Sodeyama A, Matsumoto M. Bite force and occlusal load distribution in normal complete dentitions of young adults. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 1999;7(2):65-70.                 

  71. Tallgren A. The continuing reduction of the residual alveolar ridges in complete denture wearers: A mixed-longitudinal study covering 25 years. J Prosthet Dent. 1972;27(2):120-132.

  72. Teixeira FB, Pereira Fernandes L de M, Tavares Noronha PA, et al. Masticatory deficiency as a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Int J Med Sci. 2014;11(2):209-214.         

  73. Tortopidis D, Lyons MF. The variability of bite force measurement between sessions , in different positions within the dental arch. 1998;(January 2018).   

  74. Van Dijken JWV, Hasselrot L. A prospective 15-year evaluation of extensive dentin-enamel-bonded pressed ceramic coverages. Dent Mater. 2010;26(9):929-939.               

  75. Van Eijden TMGJ. Biomechanics of the mandible. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000;11(1):123-136.               

  76. Van Nieuwenhuysen JP, D’Hoore W, Carvalho J, Qvist V. Long-term evaluation of extensive restorations in permanent teeth. J Dent. 2003;31(6):395-405.       

  77. Verma TP, Kumathalli KI, Jain V, Kumar R. Bite force recording devices - A review. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2017;11(9):ZE01-ZE05.    

  78. Vo TL, Kanazawa M, Myat K, Asami M, Sato D, Minakuchi S. Masticatory function and bite force of mandibular single-implant overdentures and complete dentures : a randomized crossover control study. J Prosthodont Res. 2019;63(4):428-433.    

  79. Waltimo A, Könönen M. A novel bite force recorder and maximal isometric bite force values for healthy young adults. Eur J Oral Sci. 1993;101(3):171-175.                

  80. Williams WN, Low SB, Cooper WR, Cornell CE. The Effect of Periodontal Bone Loss on Bite Force Discrimination. J Periodontol. 1987;58(4):236-239.    

  81. Zacher J, Bauer R, Strasser T, Rosentritt M. Laboratory performance and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM implant-supported tooth-coloured anterior FDPs. J Dent. 2020;96(March).              

  82. Zhang Y, Mai Z, Barani A, Bush M, Lawn BR. Fracture-resistant monolithic dental crowns. Dent Mater. 2016;32(3):442-449.  

  83. Zhang Y, Sailer I, Lawn BR. Fatigue of dental ceramics. J Dent. 2013;41(12):1135-1147.

  84. Zhou Y, Gao J, Luo L, Wang Y. Does Bruxism Contribute to Dental Implant Failure? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016;18(2):410-420.           

  85. Zimmermann J, Sommer M, Grize L, Stubinger S. Marginal bone loss 1 year after implantation: A systematic review for fixed and removable restorations. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019;11:195-218.         

  86. Zivko-Babic J, Panduric J, Jerolimov V, Mioc M, Pizeta I, Jakovac M. Bite force in subjects with complete dentition. Coll Antropol. 2002;26(1):293-302.

The information contained in these documents represents the views and opinions of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views or opinions of Kube Innovation Inc. The documents has been made available for informational and educational purposes only. Kube Innovation Inc. does not make any representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability, fitness, or completeness of the article. The documents are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Kube Innovation Inc. hereby disclaims any and all liability to any party for any direct, indirect, implied, punitive, special, incidental or other consequential damages arising directly or indirectly from any use of the contents of the documents, which is provided as is, and without warranties.